SaltyCrane Blog — Notes on JavaScript and web development

Notes on using pip and virtualenv with Django

Date:  |  Modified:  |  Tags: django, install_setup, python, ubuntu  |  24 Comments

I have been using a symlinking method to install Python packages up to this point. To better handle dependencies and multiple versions I have wanted to switch over to pip and virtualenv. Pip is a better alternative to Easy Install and virtualenv is a tool to create isolated Python environments. I have wanted to use pip and virtualenv for a long time now. Finally, today, I took my first steps and created an environment with the Python packages required for this blog. My notes are below. (I am running Ubuntu IntrepidKarmicMaverick and Python 2.52.6.) A lot of my notes on virtualenv are taken from Arthur Koziel's excellent tutorial.

Update 2012-03-14: Updated examples for pip 1.1 and virtualenv 1.7. As of pip 1.1, the -E option is removed. As of virtualenv 1.7, the --no-site-packages has become the default and is deprecated. Use --system-site-packages if you want to include system site packages (the old default behavior). Examples are run on Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat.

Install Easy Install

If you don't already have Easy Install, it can be installed as follows:

$ sudo apt-get install python-setuptools python-dev build-essential

Install pip

In most cases it is not necessary to install pip because it is included with virtualenv.

$ sudo easy_install -U pip 
install_dir /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/
Searching for pip
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/
Reading http://pip.openplans.org
Reading http://www.pip-installer.org
Best match: pip 1.1
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.1.tar.gz#md5=62a9f08dd5dc69d76734568a6c040508
Processing pip-1.1.tar.gz
Running pip-1.1/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-i_5nEU/pip-1.1/egg-dist-tmp-ytHsCZ
warning: no files found matching '*.html' under directory 'docs'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.txt' found under directory 'docs/_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build/_sources'
Adding pip 1.1 to easy-install.pth file
Installing pip script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip-2.6 script to /usr/local/bin

Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/pip-1.1-py2.6.egg
Processing dependencies for pip
Finished processing dependencies for pip

Install virtualenv

$ sudo easy_install -U virtualenv 
install_dir /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/
Searching for virtualenv
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/virtualenv/
Reading http://www.virtualenv.org
Reading http://virtualenv.openplans.org
Best match: virtualenv 1.7.1.2
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/v/virtualenv/virtualenv-1.7.1.2.tar.gz#md5=3be8a014c27340f48b56465f9109d9fa
Processing virtualenv-1.7.1.2.tar.gz
Running virtualenv-1.7.1.2/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-td3AoM/virtualenv-1.7.1.2/egg-dist-tmp-7dJVfO
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.*' found under directory 'docs/_templates'
Adding virtualenv 1.7.1.2 to easy-install.pth file
Installing virtualenv script to /usr/local/bin

Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/virtualenv-1.7.1.2-py2.6.egg
Processing dependencies for virtualenv
Finished processing dependencies for virtualenv

Create a virtual environment

This command creates the isolated virtual environment.

Update 2010-04-13: Updated to use distribute because it is the new hotness.

$ cd /tmp

$ virtualenv --distribute myenv
New python executable in myenv/bin/python
Installing distribute.............................................................................................................................................................................................done.
Installing pip...............done.

Create a virtualenv with a different version of Python

This creates a virtualenv that uses Python 2.7 instead of the default Python 2.6.

$ virtualenv --distribute --python=/usr/bin/python2.7 myenv-py27
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2.7
New python executable in myenv-py27/bin/python2.7
Also creating executable in myenv-py27/bin/python
Installing distribute.............................................................................................................................................................................................done.
Installing pip...............done.

Clear the PYTHONPATH variable

I don't know if this is necessary, but I had a problem with the akismet module when this was set. Maybe I did something wrong, but when I cleared PYTHONPATH, it worked.

$ export PYTHONPATH=

Install a package (Yolk) in the new virtual environment

Activate the virtual environment and install Yolk inside it. (Yolk is a tool that lists Python packages.)

$ source /tmp/myenv/bin/activate 
$ pip install yolk 
Downloading/unpacking yolk
  Downloading yolk-0.4.3.tar.gz (86Kb): 86Kb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package yolk
    warning: no files found matching '*.txt' under directory 'tests'
    warning: no files found matching '*.conf' under directory 'docs'
    warning: no files found matching '*.css_t' under directory 'docs'
    warning: no files found matching 'indexsidebar.html' under directory 'docs'
    warning: no files found matching 'tests/test_cli.py'
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): distribute in ./myenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/distribute-0.6.24-py2.6.egg (from yolk)
Installing collected packages: yolk
  Running setup.py install for yolk
    warning: no files found matching '*.txt' under directory 'tests'
    warning: no files found matching '*.conf' under directory 'docs'
    warning: no files found matching '*.css_t' under directory 'docs'
    warning: no files found matching 'indexsidebar.html' under directory 'docs'
    warning: no files found matching 'tests/test_cli.py'
    Installing yolk script to /tmp/myenv/bin
Successfully installed yolk
Cleaning up...

Use the virtual environment

  • Activate the virtual environment
    $ source /tmp/myenv/bin/activate
  • Run yolk to list your installed packages:
    $ yolk -l
Python          - 2.6.6        - active development (/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload)
distribute      - 0.6.24       - active 
pip             - 1.1          - active 
wsgiref         - 0.1.2        - active development (/usr/lib/python2.6)
yolk            - 0.4.3        - active
  • Deactivate the environment
    $ deactivate
  • Try running yolk
    $ yolk -l
yolk: command not found

Install Django in the virtual environment

$ source /tmp/myenv/bin/activate
$ pip install Django
Downloading/unpacking Django
  Downloading Django-1.3.1.tar.gz (6.5Mb): 6.5Mb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package Django
Installing collected packages: Django
  Running setup.py install for Django
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/django-admin.py from 644 to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/django-admin.py to 755
Successfully installed Django
Cleaning up...

Create a requirements file from existing library versions using pip freeze


The pip freeze command allows you to take a snapshot of the exact versions of all your Python libraries. For more information, see the documentation on pip freeze.

$ source /tmp/myenv/bin/activate
$ pip freeze > /tmp/requirements.txt

$ cat /tmp/requirements.txt 
Django==1.3.1
distribute==0.6.24
wsgiref==0.1.2
yolk==0.4.3

Uninstall a package

$ source /tmp/myenv/bin/activate
$ pip uninstall Django
Uninstalling Django:
  /tmp/myenv/bin/django-admin.py
  /tmp/myenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.6.egg-info
  /tmp/myenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django
Proceed (y/n)? y
  Successfully uninstalled Django

Install libraries based on a requirements file

Once you have a requirements file, you can use pip to install the exact versions of the libraries specified in your requirements file. For more information, see the documentation on pip requirements files. Here's my requirements file for this blog, /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt:

psycopg2==2.4.2
Django==1.3.1
Markdown==2.0
http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/download/3.x/BeautifulSoup-3.0.7a.tar.gz
Pygments==1.3.1
Twisted==10.0.0

http://django-tagging.googlecode.com/files/django-tagging-0.3.1.tar.gz
-e hg+http://bitbucket.org/ubernostrum/django-contact-form/#egg=django-contact-form
-e hg+http://bitbucket.org/jezdez/akismet/#egg=akismet

Fabric==1.3.1

Here's the command to install using my reqirements file:

$ source /tmp/myenv/bin/activate
$ pip install -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt
Downloading/unpacking http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/download/3.x/BeautifulSoup-3.0.7a.tar.gz (from -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 7))
  Downloading BeautifulSoup-3.0.7a.tar.gz
  Running setup.py egg_info for package from http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/download/3.x/Beaut
ifulSoup-3.0.7a.tar.gz                                           
Downloading/unpacking http://django-tagging.googlecode.com/files/django-tagging-0.3.1.tar.gz (from -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 11))
  Downloading django-tagging-0.3.1.tar.gz
  Running setup.py egg_info for package from http://django-tagging.googlecode.com/files/django-tagging-0.3.1.tar.gz
Downloading/unpacking psycopg2==2.4.2 (from -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading psycopg2-2.4.2.tar.gz (667Kb): 667Kb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package psycopg2
    no previously-included directories found matching 'doc/src/_build'
Downloading/unpacking Django==1.3.1 (from -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 4))
  Downloading Django-1.3.1.tar.gz (6.5Mb): 6.5Mb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package Django
Downloading/unpacking Markdown==2.0 (from -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 5))
  Downloading Markdown-2.0.zip (93Kb): 93Kb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package Markdown
Downloading/unpacking Pygments==1.3.1 (from -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 8))
  Downloading Pygments-1.3.1.tar.gz (1.1Mb): 1.1Mb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package Pygments
Downloading/unpacking Twisted==10.0.0 (from -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 9))
  Downloading Twisted-10.0.0.tar.bz2 (2.6Mb): 2.6Mb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package Twisted
Obtaining django-contact-form from hg+http://bitbucket.org/ubernostrum/django-contact-form/#egg=django-contact-form (from -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 12))
  Cloning hg http://bitbucket.org/ubernostrum/django-contact-form/ to ./myenv/src/django-contact-form
  Running setup.py egg_info for package django-contact-form
Obtaining akismet from hg+http://bitbucket.org/jezdez/akismet/#egg=akismet (from -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 13))
  Cloning hg http://bitbucket.org/jezdez/akismet/ to ./myenv/src/akismet
  Running setup.py egg_info for package akismet
Downloading/unpacking Fabric==1.3.1 (from -r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 15))
  Downloading Fabric-1.3.1.tar.gz (167Kb): 167Kb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package Fabric
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
    warning: no files found matching 'fabfile.py'
Downloading/unpacking zope.interface (from Twisted==10.0.0->-r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 9))
  Downloading zope.interface-3.8.0.tar.gz (111Kb): 111Kb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package zope.interface
Downloading/unpacking ssh>=1.7.8 (from Fabric==1.3.1->-r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 15))
  Downloading ssh-1.7.13.tar.gz (790Kb): 790Kb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package ssh
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): distribute in ./myenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/distribute-0.6.24-py2.6.egg (from zope.interface->Twisted==10.0.0->-r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 9))
Downloading/unpacking pycrypto>=2.1,!=2.4 (from ssh>=1.7.8->Fabric==1.3.1->-r /tmp/saltycrane-requirements.txt (line 15))
  Downloading pycrypto-2.5.tar.gz (426Kb): 426Kb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package pycrypto
Installing collected packages: psycopg2, Django, Markdown, Pygments, Twisted, django-contact-form, akismet, Fabric, BeautifulSoup, django-tagging, zope.interface, ssh, pycrypto
  Running setup.py install for psycopg2
    building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/green.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/green.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/pqpath.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/pqpath.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/utils.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/utils.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/bytes_format.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/bytes_format.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/connection_int.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/connection_int.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/connection_type.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/connection_type.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/cursor_int.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/cursor_int.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/cursor_type.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/cursor_type.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/lobject_int.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/lobject_int.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/lobject_type.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/lobject_type.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/notify_type.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/notify_type.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/xid_type.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/xid_type.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/adapter_asis.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_asis.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/adapter_binary.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_binary.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/adapter_datetime.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_datetime.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/adapter_list.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_list.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/adapter_pboolean.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_pboolean.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/adapter_pdecimal.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_pdecimal.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/adapter_pint.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_pint.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/adapter_pfloat.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_pfloat.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/adapter_qstring.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_qstring.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/microprotocols.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/microprotocols.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/microprotocols_proto.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/microprotocols_proto.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/typecast.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/typecast.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DHAVE_MXDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.4.2 (dt dec mx pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x08040B -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.6/mx -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/8.4/server -c psycopg/adapter_mxdatetime.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_mxdatetime.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/green.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/pqpath.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/utils.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/bytes_format.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/connection_int.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/connection_type.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/cursor_int.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/cursor_type.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/lobject_int.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/lobject_type.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/notify_type.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/xid_type.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_asis.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_binary.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_datetime.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_list.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_pboolean.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_pdecimal.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_pint.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_pfloat.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_qstring.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/microprotocols.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/microprotocols_proto.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/typecast.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg/adapter_mxdatetime.o -lpq -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psycopg2/_psycopg.so
    no previously-included directories found matching 'doc/src/_build'
  Running setup.py install for Django
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/django-admin.py from 644 to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/django-admin.py to 755
  Running setup.py install for Markdown
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/markdown.py from 644 to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/markdown.py to 755
  Running setup.py install for Pygments
    Installing pygmentize script to /tmp/myenv/bin
  Running setup.py install for Twisted
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c conftest.c -o conftest.o
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c conftest.c -o conftest.o
    building 'twisted.runner.portmap' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c twisted/runner/portmap.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/runner/portmap.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/runner/portmap.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/runner/portmap.so
    building 'twisted.protocols._c_urlarg' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c twisted/protocols/_c_urlarg.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/protocols/_c_urlarg.o
    twisted/protocols/_c_urlarg.c: In function ‘unquote’:
    twisted/protocols/_c_urlarg.c:41: warning: ‘tmp’ may be used uninitialized in this function
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/protocols/_c_urlarg.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/protocols/_c_urlarg.so
    building 'twisted.test.raiser' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c twisted/test/raiser.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/test/raiser.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/test/raiser.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/test/raiser.so
    building 'twisted.python._epoll' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c twisted/python/_epoll.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/python/_epoll.o
    twisted/python/_epoll.c: In function ‘__pyx_f_6_epoll_5epoll___dealloc__’:
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:168: warning: label ‘__pyx_L1’ defined but not used
    twisted/python/_epoll.c: In function ‘__pyx_f_6_epoll_5epoll_wait’:
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:432: warning: label ‘__pyx_L7’ defined but not used
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:430: warning: label ‘__pyx_L6’ defined but not used
    twisted/python/_epoll.c: In function ‘__pyx_tp_new_6_epoll_epoll’:
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:508: warning: unused variable ‘p’
    twisted/python/_epoll.c: In function ‘__pyx_tp_dealloc_6_epoll_epoll’:
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:513: warning: unused variable ‘p’
    twisted/python/_epoll.c: In function ‘__pyx_tp_traverse_6_epoll_epoll’:
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:528: warning: unused variable ‘p’
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:527: warning: unused variable ‘e’
    twisted/python/_epoll.c: In function ‘__pyx_tp_clear_6_epoll_epoll’:
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:533: warning: unused variable ‘p’
    twisted/python/_epoll.c: At top level:
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:32: warning: ‘__Pyx_UnpackItem’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:33: warning: ‘__Pyx_EndUnpack’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:34: warning: ‘__Pyx_PrintItem’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:35: warning: ‘__Pyx_PrintNewline’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:37: warning: ‘__Pyx_ReRaise’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:38: warning: ‘__Pyx_Import’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:39: warning: ‘__Pyx_GetExcValue’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:40: warning: ‘__Pyx_ArgTypeTest’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:41: warning: ‘__Pyx_TypeTest’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:42: warning: ‘__Pyx_GetStarArgs’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:43: warning: ‘__Pyx_WriteUnraisable’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:45: warning: ‘__Pyx_ImportType’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:46: warning: ‘__Pyx_SetVtable’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:47: warning: ‘__Pyx_GetVtable’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:48: warning: ‘__Pyx_CreateClass’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:50: warning: ‘__Pyx_InitStrings’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:51: warning: ‘__Pyx_InitCApi’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    twisted/python/_epoll.c:52: warning: ‘__Pyx_ImportModuleCApi’ declared ‘static’ but never defined
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/python/_epoll.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/python/_epoll.so
    building 'twisted.python._initgroups' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c twisted/python/_initgroups.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/python/_initgroups.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/python/_initgroups.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/twisted/python/_initgroups.so
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/mktap from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/tap2deb from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/tap2rpm from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/trial from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pyhtmlizer from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/tapconvert from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/manhole from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/twistd from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/ckeygen from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/cftp from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/conch from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/tkconch from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/mailmail from 644 to 755
    changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/lore from 644 to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/mktap to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/ckeygen to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/cftp to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/conch to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/tap2deb to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/tap2rpm to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/lore to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/trial to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/pyhtmlizer to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/tkconch to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/tapconvert to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/manhole to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/twistd to 755
    changing mode of /tmp/myenv/bin/mailmail to 755
  Running setup.py develop for django-contact-form
    Creating /tmp/myenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django-contact-form.egg-link (link to .)
    Adding django-contact-form 0.3 to easy-install.pth file
    
    Installed /tmp/myenv/src/django-contact-form
  Running setup.py develop for akismet
    Creating /tmp/myenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/akismet.egg-link (link to .)
    Adding akismet 0.1.5 to easy-install.pth file
    
    Installed /tmp/myenv/src/akismet
  Running setup.py install for Fabric
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
    warning: no files found matching 'fabfile.py'
    Installing fab script to /tmp/myenv/bin
  Running setup.py install for BeautifulSoup
  Running setup.py install for django-tagging
  Running setup.py install for zope.interface
    building 'zope.interface._zope_interface_coptimizations' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/zope/interface/_zope_interface_coptimizations.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/zope/interface/_zope_interface_coptimizations.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/zope/interface/_zope_interface_coptimizations.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/zope/interface/_zope_interface_coptimizations.so
    Skipping installation of /tmp/myenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/zope/__init__.py (namespace package)
    Installing /tmp/myenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/zope.interface-3.8.0-py2.6-nspkg.pth
  Running setup.py install for ssh
  Running setup.py install for pycrypto
    checking for gcc... gcc
    checking whether the C compiler works... yes
    checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
    checking for suffix of executables...
    checking whether we are cross compiling... no
    checking for suffix of object files... o
    checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
    checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
    checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
    checking for __gmpz_init in -lgmp... no
    checking for __gmpz_init in -lmpir... no
    checking whether mpz_powm is declared... no
    checking whether mpz_powm_sec is declared... no
    checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
    checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
    checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
    checking for ANSI C header files... yes
    checking for sys/types.h... yes
    checking for sys/stat.h... yes
    checking for stdlib.h... yes
    checking for string.h... yes
    checking for memory.h... yes
    checking for strings.h... yes
    checking for inttypes.h... yes
    checking for stdint.h... yes
    checking for unistd.h... yes
    checking for inttypes.h... (cached) yes
    checking limits.h usability... yes
    checking limits.h presence... yes
    checking for limits.h... yes
    checking stddef.h usability... yes
    checking stddef.h presence... yes
    checking for stddef.h... yes
    checking for stdint.h... (cached) yes
    checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes
    checking for string.h... (cached) yes
    checking wchar.h usability... yes
    checking wchar.h presence... yes
    checking for wchar.h... yes
    checking for inline... inline
    checking for int16_t... yes
    checking for int32_t... yes
    checking for int64_t... yes
    checking for int8_t... yes
    checking for size_t... yes
    checking for uint16_t... yes
    checking for uint32_t... yes
    checking for uint64_t... yes
    checking for uint8_t... yes
    checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes
    checking for GNU libc compatible malloc... yes
    checking for memmove... yes
    checking for memset... yes
    configure: creating ./config.status
    config.status: creating src/config.h
    warning: GMP or MPIR library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath.
    building 'Crypto.Hash._MD2' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/MD2.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/MD2.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/MD2.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Hash/_MD2.so
    building 'Crypto.Hash._MD4' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/MD4.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/MD4.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/MD4.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Hash/_MD4.so
    building 'Crypto.Hash._SHA256' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/SHA256.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/SHA256.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/SHA256.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Hash/_SHA256.so
    building 'Crypto.Hash._SHA224' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/SHA224.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/SHA224.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/SHA224.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Hash/_SHA224.so
    building 'Crypto.Hash._SHA384' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/SHA384.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/SHA384.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/SHA384.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Hash/_SHA384.so
    building 'Crypto.Hash._SHA512' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/SHA512.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/SHA512.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/SHA512.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Hash/_SHA512.so
    building 'Crypto.Hash._RIPEMD160' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -DPCT_LITTLE_ENDIAN=1 -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/RIPEMD160.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/RIPEMD160.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/RIPEMD160.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Hash/_RIPEMD160.so
    building 'Crypto.Cipher.AES' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/AES.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/AES.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/AES.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Cipher/AES.so
    building 'Crypto.Cipher.ARC2' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/ARC2.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/ARC2.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/ARC2.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Cipher/ARC2.so
    building 'Crypto.Cipher.Blowfish' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/Blowfish.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/Blowfish.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/Blowfish.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Cipher/Blowfish.so
    building 'Crypto.Cipher.CAST' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/CAST.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/CAST.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/CAST.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Cipher/CAST.so
    building 'Crypto.Cipher.DES' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -Isrc/libtom/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/DES.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/DES.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/DES.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Cipher/DES.so
    building 'Crypto.Cipher.DES3' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -Isrc/libtom/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/DES3.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/DES3.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/DES3.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Cipher/DES3.so
    building 'Crypto.Cipher.ARC4' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/ARC4.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/ARC4.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/ARC4.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Cipher/ARC4.so
    building 'Crypto.Cipher.XOR' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/XOR.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/XOR.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/XOR.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Cipher/XOR.so
    building 'Crypto.Util.strxor' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/strxor.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/strxor.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/strxor.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Util/strxor.so
    building 'Crypto.Util._counter' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/_counter.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/_counter.o
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/_counter.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/Crypto/Util/_counter.so
Successfully installed psycopg2 Django Markdown Pygments Twisted django-contact-form akismet Fabric BeautifulSoup django-tagging zope.interface ssh pycrypto
Cleaning up...

Use virtualenv with Django and mod_python

Here is how to use a virtualenv with mod_python. This is taken from Django, mod_python and virtualenv. For more information, see the virtualenv documentation on using virtualenv without bin/python.

  • Create a file /srv/SaltyCrane/myvirtualdjango.py:
    activate_this = "/srv/python-environments/saltycrane/bin/activate_this.py"
execfile(activate_this, dict(__file__=activate_this))

from django.core.handlers.modpython import handler
  • Edit your httpd.conf
        <Location "/">
        SetHandler python-program
        PythonHandler myvirtualdjango
        SetEnv DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE iwiwdsmi.settings
        PythonPath "['/srv/SaltyCrane',] + sys.path"
        PythonDebug Off
    </Location>

Use virtualenv with Django and mod_wsgi

Added 2009-09-27: Here is how I set up my virtualenv with mod_wsgi. To use the the packages in my virtualenv, I used site.addsitedir at the top of my .wsgi application file. You may also want to set the WSGIPythonHome variable in your httpd.conf file (outside of any VirtualHost sections). For detailed information on using mod_wsgi with virtualenv, see the Virtual Environments section of the modwsgi project documentation.

  • /srv/SaltyCrane/saltycrane.wsgi:
    import os
import sys
import site

site.addsitedir('/srv/python-environments/saltycrane/lib/python2.5/site-packages')

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'iwiwdsmi.settings'

sys.path.append('/srv/SaltyCrane')

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()
  • httpd.conf:
        WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/SaltyCrane/saltycrane.wsgi

Background / Discussion

Below are some links to some essential information on pip, virtualenv, and Python packaging (mostly from the creator of pip and virtualenv, Ian Bicking) and some further discussion on the state of Python packaging. (Updated 2012-11-17)

Comments


#1 Alexander Artemenko commented on :

By the way, if you'll need something more complex, than just installing applications in the virtual environment, I suggest to look at zc.buildout.

I'm already moving in that direction, I use buildout to deploy my django sites.


#2 Eliot commented on :

Hi Alexander, thanks for the tip. I had noticed Jacob Kaplan-Moss' post about zc.buildout, but didn't read it carefully. I think I had already made up my mind to use pip+virtualenv. I will keep my eye on zc.buildout.


#3 Skylar commented on :

Nice article, I love virtualenv. I'm looking for a way to install Django==dev from a requirements file but so far no luck. I guess I could point the requirements file at the github mirror or directly at svn trunk. I thought there was an easy way to denote this ... \<\/ramble>


#4 Tim commented on :

Skylar:

-e svn+http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk#egg=Django

That what you're after?


#5 Joe commented on :

Great and detailed writeup, thank you for posting it. It was nice to be able to quickly read through how PIP created and installed into a new virtualenv.


#6 Lord Daedra commented on :

Thanks for good article!

Also there is nginx+uwsgi, good for Django deployment..


#8 David Talbot commented on :

_Really_ good stuff - thanks _so much_ for putting this all together. I'm putting together a site at the moment and this helped me out no end.


#10 Eliot commented on :

Dana: I started using virtualenvwrapper a few months ago because I needed to switch environments more often and because everyone at work was using it. I agree it's pretty great.


#11 Jose commented on :

Excellent post, has been very useful for me.

Especially the part about django and virtualenv.

Thanks!


#12 James commented on :

I'm using django + wsgi, and I'm about to start using virtualenv. I understand that --no-site-packages creates a bare virtualenv to start from, and that you can add packages to that env. But when you create the wsgi, you add the env's site-packages folder to the current path.

Does that mean that packages installed in the system-level default python installation are still available to your wsgi app? So if I install django 1.0 within the system, then create a bare virtualenv with nothing in it, the wsgi app would have access to django 1.0?

Just curious. Great writeup!


#13 Eliot commented on :

James:
I actually ran into this recently. I think you are correct. See this page on the modwsgi wiki for much more information on this: http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/VirtualEnvironments It suggests creating a baseline virtual environment and setting WSGIPythonHome to point to it. Doing this means you will not use the default system python installation. Then you can add your site-specific virtualenv to this baseline. Hope that helps.


#14 John Chase commented on :

Thumbs up for virtualenvwrapper.sh.


#15 Brandon commented on :

Hi Eliot,

Just wanted to thank you for pulling these notes together -- they were very invaluable.

Since I don't see it mentioned anywhere else, I might as well point out something that I've just (re)learned (quoting from http://guide.python-distribute.org/pip.html):

"You can install directly from a tarball or zip file, as long as there is a working setup.py file in the root directory of the unzipped contents."

This means that if you are trying to install a file with pip that is giving you trouble due to its eggy nature (for instance, I had been trying to install nltk), there could be another way around it. Assuming your directory structure and the current nltk package:

sudo pip install -E saltycrane http://nltk.googlecode.com/files/nltk-2.0.1rc1.zip

works very nicely (assuming, in this case, that pyyaml has been installed). And of course it needn't be nltk.

Hope this might help another beginner to virtualenv.

Brandon


#17 Yulia commented on :

Thank you a lot! Your tutorial is in fact better than Virtualenv documentation.


#18 Matt commented on :

pip install -E saltycrane yolk

Usage: /usr/local/bin/pip install [OPTIONS] PACKAGE_NAMES...

/usr/local/bin/pip install: error: no such option: -E

and

sudo pip install -E saltycrane yolk

Usage: /usr/local/bin/pip install [OPTIONS] PACKAGE_NAMES...

/usr/local/bin/pip install: error: no such option: -E


#19 Eliot commented on :

Matt: As of pip version 1.1, the -E option no longer exists. Thanks for letting me know. I updated my post.


#21 Eliot commented on :

bob:

  • Well in 2010 is was the new hotness.
  • I actually don't find myself using the --distribute flag.
  • I still like pip much better than easy_install. I like downloading packages before installing them, the ability to specify package versions with requirements files apart from the install_requires section of setup.py, uninstall, and other little things that make pip easier to use than easy_install. Some of the things Ian Bicking tried to improve in pip are here: Pip Compared To easy_install, pyinstall: A New Hope, A Few Corrections To “On Packaging” and Why use pip over easy_install? - Stack Overflow
  • Armin Ronacher still uses pip.
  • I think Armin's main reason for investigating this was the speed of automated builds. We automatically build virtualenvs using pip and I must agree the lack of speed is a pain point.
  • I know Anton told me there were some Flask extensions that could not be installed using pip but I don't remember the details.
  • I'd be interested in seeing some popular packages that use binary eggs. I think I've seen them before, but I don't remember where.
  • Thanks for the link-- I missed that article. For others, Armin and Ian added some comments on the Hacker News page

#22 Jayaraj commented on :

Please find the link below,

http://jayaraj.sosblogs.com/My-Blogs-b1/Python-Virtualenv-A-brief-introduction-b1-p5.htm

Hop this will be helpful


#23 Jayaraj commented on :

Refer this website,

http://jayaraj.biz/?p=13


#24 tom commented on :

Very helpful guide for newcomer to Python. Thanks so much !